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Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS) , Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje , Skopje , North Macedonia
Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS) , Skopje , North Macedonia
This paper presents a critical review of passive and semi-active structural control systems for improving seismic performance and resilience. It synthesizes fundamental control principles with recent advances in energy dissipation technologies. Emphasis is placed on experimental validation to bridge the gap between analytical models and real structural behaviour. A key contribution is the integration of extensive experimental results from IZIIS. These include shake table tests on bridges, steel frames, and retrofit solutions. Overall, the results confirm the effectiveness of both individual and hybrid control strategies.
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