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Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, University of Banja Luka , Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Banja Luka , Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Faculty of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy, University of Banja Luka , Banja Luka , Bosnia and Herzegovina
Blackwater, the wastewater stream with the highest sanitary and energy load, is increasingly seen as a resource within circular urban systems. This paper explores its valorization through anaerobic digestion and decentralized planning. Using Banja Luka as a case study, key energy, economic, and spatial thresholds for local treatment feasibility are defined. GIS-based analysis and a university campus pilot confirm that building aggregation enables functional clusters. Results show that demographically balanced, spatially compact zones hold the greatest potential. The cluster model proves optimal for integrating blackwater into sustainable urban systems. This reframes blackwater as a resource linking sanitation, energy, and planning.
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