This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, International Balkan University, SKOPJE, North Macedonia
Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology - IZIIS, Saints Cyril and Methodius University of Skopje, Skopje, North Macedonia
The application of seismic design codes is crucially important for the seismic safety of the built environment developed in earthquake prone regions. However, there are also buildings built before the introduction of seismic design codes. Seismic risk assessment is a useful process which can help identify the seismic safety of the urban regions with buildings belonging to different periods. Defining the components of seismic risk; hazard, exposure and vulnerability is a very important step in order to obtain reliable seismic risk assessment results. The focus of this research paper is on defining the exposure model attributes in the case study Karposh. Characteristic for the case study is the fact that it consists of buildings built in different periods, before and after the introduction of seismic design codes. There are also buildings which have been structurally modified and resulted with mixed structures. The approach in the definition of the exposure model is based on urban planning aspects as well and the exposure model is defined according to two urban scenarios, scenario 1 - the existing site and scenario 2 - the planned site.
No funding was received for this research.
[{"id":204,"citationNumber":null,"type":"article-journal","title":"Seismic risk assessment as a basis for sustainable urban development\u201d, doctoral dissertation, Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology \u2013 IZIIS at \u201cSs","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"K.","family":"Edip"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2023-12"]},"container-title":"Cyril and Methodius University\u201d in Skopje","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":205,"citationNumber":null,"type":"book","title":"Urban Design in Seismic-Prone Regions","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-031-08321-1","author":[{"given":"Hossein","family":"Bahrainy"},{"given":"Ameneh","family":"Bakhtiar"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2022"]},"container-title":"The Urban Book Series","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":206,"citationNumber":null,"type":"book","title":"Understanding disaster risk: risk assessment methodologies and examples\u201d in Science for disaster risk management 2017: knowing better and losing less","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"D.C.","family":"Simmons"},{"given":"R.","family":"Duawe"},{"given":"R.","family":"Gowland"},{"given":"Z.","family":"Gyenes"},{"given":"A.G.","family":"King"},{"given":"D.","family":"Riedstra"},{"given":"S.","family":"Schneiderbauer"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2017"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":"40\u201343"}]
[{"id":207,"citationNumber":null,"type":"article-journal","title":"An Overview on Earthquake Hazard and Seismic Risk Management Policies of Macedonia\u201d","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Milutinovic","family":"Z."},{"given":"Salic","family":"R."},{"given":"Tomic","family":"D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2017"]},"container-title":"Proc. 16th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"issue":"3726","page":null}]
[{"id":208,"citationNumber":null,"type":"journal-article","title":"","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Municipality","family":"Karposh"}],"issued":{"date-parts":[null]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":209,"citationNumber":null,"type":"journal-article","title":"Agency for Spatial Planning, General Urban Plan for City of Skopje with plan period of 2012-2022","DOI":null,"author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":["2011"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":210,"citationNumber":null,"type":"article-journal","title":"Technical norms for building in seismic regions","DOI":null,"author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[null]},"container-title":"Official Gazette of SFRY","volume":null,"issue":"39\/64","page":null}]
[{"id":211,"citationNumber":null,"type":"journal-article","title":"Official Gazette of Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY","DOI":null,"author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[null]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":"31\/81","page":null}]
[{"id":212,"citationNumber":null,"type":"chapter","title":"Damaging Effects of","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Petrovski","family":"J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1963-07-26"]},"container-title":"Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":213,"citationNumber":null,"type":"book","title":"The Story of a United Nations Special Fund Town Planning Project","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"United","family":"Nations"},{"given":"Skopje","family":"Resurgent"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["1970"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":214,"citationNumber":null,"type":"chapter","title":"Upgrade of the database of municipality of Karposh with new attributes for defining and tracking the seismic stability and safety of the existing buildings in the territory of municipality of Karposh GIS environment. Book 1: Visual inspection and conclusion for the current state of the buildings at the location of municipality of Karposh with using defined form\u201d","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.","family":"Nechevska-Cvetanovska"},{"given":"R.","family":"Apostolska"},{"given":"M.","family":"Garevski"},{"given":"J.","family":"Bojadzieva"},{"given":"M.","family":"Vitanova"},{"given":"B.","family":"Stojanoski"},{"given":"A.","family":"Bogdanovik"},{"given":"E.","family":"Gorgievska"},{"given":"G.","family":"Jekik"},{"given":"T.","family":"Kitanovski"},{"given":"K.","family":"Runevski"},{"given":"J.","family":"Trajcevski"},{"given":"M.","family":"Dimitrovski"},{"given":"D.","family":"Tomik"},{"given":"G.","family":"Jovanov"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2013"]},"container-title":"Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":215,"citationNumber":null,"type":"article-journal","title":"Enlargement of apartments in socialist housing estates in Skopje under transition: The tension between individual preferences and collective action\u201d","DOI":"10.1007\/s10901-021-09875-4.","author":[{"given":"Mariotti","family":"J."},{"given":"Baldwin Hess","family":"D."}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2023"]},"container-title":"Journal of Housing and the Built Environment","volume":"38, June","issue":null,"page":"39\u201359,"}]
[{"id":216,"citationNumber":null,"type":"article-journal","title":"Seismic performance assessment of \u201chybrid\u201d structures using two-level multi group GIS oriented approach: case studies\u201d","DOI":"10.1007\/s10518-018-0366-0.","author":[{"given":"Apostolska","family":"R."},{"given":"Necevska-Cvetanovska","family":"G."},{"given":"Shendova","family":"V."},{"given":"Bojadzieva","family":"J."}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2018"]},"container-title":"Bulleting of Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":217,"citationNumber":null,"type":"journal-article","title":"Detailed Urban Plan for urban region Z 08. Skopje \u2013 Municipality of Karposh","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Tajfa","family":"Plan"}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2015"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":218,"citationNumber":null,"type":"article-journal","title":"The OpenQuake-engine User Manual. Global Earthquake Model (GEM) OpenQuake Manual for Engine version 3.13.0","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"G.E.M.","family":""}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2022"]},"container-title":"Doi","volume":"10","issue":"13117\/GEM.OPENQUAKE.MAN.ENGINE.3.13.0","page":"204 ,"}]
[{"id":219,"citationNumber":null,"type":"journal-article","title":"","DOI":null,"author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[null]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":220,"citationNumber":null,"type":"chapter","title":"","DOI":null,"author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":["2020"]},"container-title":"QGIS Development Team, QGIS Geographic Information System. Open Source Geospatial Foundation Project","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":221,"citationNumber":null,"type":"article-journal","title":"European Seismic Risk Model (ESRM20)\u201d","DOI":"10.7414\/EUC-EFEHR-TR002-ESRM20.","author":[{"given":"Crowley","family":"H."},{"given":"Dabbeek","family":"J."},{"given":"Despotaki","family":"V."},{"given":"Rodrigues","family":"D."},{"given":"Martins","family":"L."},{"given":"Silva","family":"V."},{"given":"Romao","family":"X."},{"given":"Pereira","family":"N."},{"given":"Weatherill","family":"G."},{"given":"Danciu","family":"L."}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2021"]},"container-title":"EFEHR Technical Report","volume":"V1","issue":"01","page":"84 ,"}]
[{"id":222,"citationNumber":null,"type":"paper-conference","title":"Open models and software for assessing the vulnerability of the European building stock\u201d","DOI":null,"author":[{"given":"Crowley","family":"H."},{"given":"Silva","family":"V."},{"given":"Martins","family":"L."},{"given":"Romao","family":"X."},{"given":"Periera","family":"N."}],"issued":{"date-parts":["2021-06"]},"container-title":"Proc. COMPODYN 2021 8th ECCOMAS Thematic Conference on Computational Methods in Structural Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering","volume":null,"issue":null,"page":"2678\u20132688"}]
[{"id":223,"citationNumber":null,"type":"journal-article","title":"","DOI":null,"author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[null]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
[{"id":224,"citationNumber":null,"type":"journal-article","title":"Agency for Spatial Planning, General Urban Plan for City of Skopje with plan period of 2012-2022 \u2013 documentation, book 1","DOI":null,"author":[],"issued":{"date-parts":["2011"]},"container-title":null,"volume":null,"issue":null,"page":null}]
The statements, opinions and data contained in the journal are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publisher and the editor(s). We stay neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
